Shiraz: the city of poetry, gardens and colorful architecture

Why Shiraz is so beloved

Ask an Iranian about their favorite city and you are likely to get Shiraz as an answer. This sunny city in southern Iran is known for its beautiful gardens, centuries-old architecture, relaxed atmosphere and, of course, its love of poetry. 

For more than two thousand years, Shiraz has played an important role in Iranian history. The city grew into a cultural center where art, science and literature flourished. Walking through the historic neighborhoods today, you will still come across impressive buildings that serve as reminders of that rich history.

Shiraz and Wine

Many people in the Netherlands know the name “Shiraz” primarily from wine. The name is historically linked to the city. In the Middle Ages, Shiraz in Persia was renowned for its wine culture, and for a long time it was believed that the famous grape had been brought to Europe from this region by the Crusaders. However, modern genetic research shows that the grape (syrah) actually comes from southern France and originated there from other grape varieties. Nevertheless, the name “Shiraz” lived on in countries such as Australia and South Africa as a reference to that ancient legend.

The City of Poetry

But what truly makes Shiraz special are its poets. The famous Persian poets Hafez and Saadi are buried here, and their words live on to this day. For many Iranians, their poems are a source of wisdom, comfort and inspiration. For many, a visit to the tomb of Hafez is as much a part of Shiraz as a visit to the Eiffel Tower is of Paris.

Colorful Architecture

Architecture enthusiasts will also have plenty to admire. Think of colorful mosaics, elegant arches and the famous Nasir al-Molk Mosque, where the morning light shines through thousands of pieces of colored glass.

The Beauty of Persian Gardens

And then, of course, there are the gardens. It is no wonder that Shiraz is often called the city of flowers and gardens. The Persian garden is a centuries-old design concept that emerged in response to the hot, dry climate of much of Iran. While the landscape outside the city walls was often arid and dusty, Persian garden designers created oases of shade, coolness and tranquility.

Water played a key role in this. Through clever irrigation systems and underground water channels, known as qanats, water was channeled to the gardens. Flowing water, trees and flowers together created a place that was the complete opposite of the surrounding desert. The classic Persian garden is often laid out symmetrically, with waterways dividing the garden into four sections. This design symbolizes harmony between humanity, nature and the divine.

Interestingly, our word paradise comes from the Old Persian word pairidaeza (or paradaesa), which literally means "walled garden" or "enclosed space". For the ancient Persians, such a garden was a place of safety, abundance and beauty. Even today, Iranians visit gardens and parks to walk, drink tea, spend time with family or simply enjoy a moment of peace among the greenery and flowing water.

Shiraz shows that Iran is much more than what you often see in the news. It is a city full of stories, beauty and hospitality. A place where history and poetry go hand in hand and where there is always something new to discover around every corner.

All the photos in this article were taken by me (Azadeh Baghery) during my last trip to Iran in 2019. If you would like to use a photo, please contact me first.